Tujuan blog ini untuk menjadi sebagai "strategic community centre" untuk menjana idea-idea dan teknik terbaik berkaitan pembinaan strategi dan pelaksanaan strategi secara berkesan.
Monday 25 July 2011
Thursday 7 July 2011
Introduction to strategic planning
INTRODUCTION TO
STRATEGIC PLANNING
INTRODUCTION
Leadership is the capacity to translate vision into reality. Warren Bennis
Your future begins with whatever is in your hands today. Mike Murdock
Stop looking at where you have been and start looking at where you are going. Mike Murdock
The will to succeed is important, but what's more important is the will to prepare. Bobby Knight
Leaders who win the respect of others are the ones who deliver more than they promise, not the ones who promise more than they can deliver. Mark Clement
Failing organizations are usually over-managed and under-led. Warren Bennis
The key to successful leadership today is influence, not authority. Kenneth Blanchard
A leader is one who knows the way, goes the way, and shows the way. John Maxwell
The man who gets the most satisfactory results is not always the man with the most brilliant single mind, but rather the man who can best coordinate the brains and talents of his associates. W. Alton Jones
Luck is the residue of design. Branch Rickey
A leader takes people where they want to go. A great leader takes people where they don't necessarily want to go, but ought to be. Rosalynn Carter
It isn't the incompetent who destroys an organization. The incompetent never gets in a position to destroy it. It is those who have achieved something and want to rest upon their achievements who are forever clogging things up. F. M. Young
People and rubber bands have one thing in common: they must be stretched to be effective. John Maxwell
Too many people in leadership positions prepare to answer questions that nobody is asking. John Maxwell
The successful leader is the one who makes the right move at the right moment with the right motive.
INTRODUCTION STRATEGIC PLANNING
WHAT IS STRATEGIC PLANNING
Strategic planning is the process of operating the business education program by rationally determining where we are, describing our preferred future, and planning how and when we will get there together. Strategic planning provides the means to monitor progress, track conditions, alter direction, modify processes, and respond to opportunities and challenges. This tool is designed to guide business education program leaders through an efficient, effective process of program planning. The desired result is to generate observable evidence that demonstrates the program is on-target, effective, and meets the needs of identified customers.
BUSINESS EDUCATION DIVISION POSITION STATEMENT
We recommend all business education instructors engage in an on-going program planning process. Often it is easy to believe one is too busy to plan, there is no time in one's hectic schedule for quality planning, or there is little need for planning since everything is OK. We must not let such meager excuses or unrealistic statements determine our actions.
We believe the opportunity for a program to exist in the future will directly correlate to the instructor's commitment to strategically plan for program success. Because the stakes are high, the instructor cannot afford to avoid an organized planning process. We encourage all business education instructors to use the following pages for this purpose. Any staff member is available upon request to serve as process facilitator and to assist in the program planning process.
REASONS FOR STRATEGIC PLANNING
1) Define the nature and direction of the business education program.
2) Ensure decisions and activities necessary to operate the business education program are proactive and not reactive.
3) Initiate and direct business education program performance toward achieving desired results.
4) Improve the probability the business education program will achieve desired results and create a collaborative commitment to the plan for the business education program and joint responsibility for its successful execution.
BASIC STEPS IN STRATEGIC PLANNING
1) Define the need for and the commitment to strategic planning for the business education program.
2) Define the core values, the vision, and the mission for the business education program.
3) Conduct a situation analysis of the current business education program.
4) Establish goals, objectives, strategies, and action plans for the business education program.
5) Implement action plans and facilitate achievement of the business education program.
BENEFITS OF A WRITTEN PLAN
1) A written plan is a visual reminder for business education program partners of their commitment to the program.
2) A written plan documents the efforts and ownership of the program partners.
3) A written plan provides a common vocabulary and reference points in the program for the program partners.
4) A written plan serves as a tool for communicating and implementing the business education program with partners and customers.
5) A written plan shows all business education program partners are responsible for the program.
6) A written plan provides a process for evaluating the performance of the program.
7) A written plan establishes action steps to guide program implementation.
8) A written plan opportunity to define and measure success.
9) A written plan assists in setting funding and budget priorities.
HOW CAN STRATEGIC PLANNING IMPROVE THE SCHOOL.
1.) It can become an effective way to look at the business education program as an integral part of the total school program.
2) It can stimulate the development of appropriate program goals.
3) It can be a powerful motivator of business education program partners.
4) It can provide a framework for decision making.
5) It can be used to establish performance measures to determine the effectiveness of the business education program.
6) It can be used to identify opportunities for program partners and customers to contribute their talents and resources and give them a greater sense of participation and service in the business education program.
MISSION STATEMENT WORKSHEET
MISSION STATEMENT is a broad statement that answers three questions: 1) What products or services does the program provide? 2) Which customers does the program seek to satisfy? 3) Where does the program provide these products and services?
CHARACTERISTICS: A mission statement is concise (60 words or less). A mission statement is unique. A mission statement is broad but directed. A mission statement must be supported by all program partners. A mission statement establishes guidelines for reaching desired results. A mission statement is consistent with the program core values.
1) What does the business education program have to offer?
2) Who does the business education program serve?
3) What geographic areas do you want to impact with the business education program?
4) List key words or phrases that should be included in the mission statement for the business education program.
5) Write the mission statement.
6) Test the mission statement written in Step 5.
A. Does the mission statement describe what products and services are provided by the program?
B. Does the mission statement describe the customers the program seeks to satisfy?
C. Does the mission statement describe where the program provides the products and services?
D. Is the mission statement concise? (60 words or less)
E. Does the mission statement establish useful limits for setting specific goals and objectives?
F. Does implementing the mission statement, based on living the core values, lead to the fulfillment of the vision for the program?
VISION STATEMENT WORKSHEET
VISION describes the preferred future for the program with respect to its structure, purpose, partners, customers, and its role in the total school program.
CHARACTERISTICS: A vision statement is imaginative and futuristic. A vision statement preserves the best of what the program is today. A vision statement is desirable and attainable and inspires performance.
1) What would you want the business education program to be if you knew there were no constraints or limitations on available resources?
2) How do you define success for the business education program?
3) What difference should the business education program make?
4) List key words or phrases that should be included in the vision statement for the business education program.
5) Write the vision statement.
6) Test the vision statement written in Step 5.
A. Does the vision statement describe what the future will be like in the program?
B. Does the vision statement create the preferred future for the program, regardless of the current reality?
C. Does the vision statement preserves the best of what the program is today?
D. Does the vision statement describe the ideal program?
E. Does the vision statement inspire pride and the drive in program partners to realize the preferred future?
CORE VALUE STATEMENTS WORKSHEET
CORE VALUES are fundamental ethical, moral, and professional business beliefs. These beliefs should guide business decisions.
CHARACTERISTICS: Core value statements describe the program's desired culture, management style, and methods of operation. Core value statements are clear and meaningful to all program partners. Core values are visible and can be demonstrated. Core value statements are complementary.
1) From the viewpoint of someone outside the business education program, what would they say are our core values?
2) If you overheard people talking about the business education program, what would you want them to say?
3) CORE VALUES and DEMONSTRATING ACTIONS
(Make two columns. In the left column, identify existing core values you want to keep. In the right column, identify actions that provide evidence of each core value.)
4) Write core value statements.
5) Test the core value statements written in Step 4.
A. Do the core value statements describe the program's desired culture, management style, and methods of operation?
B. Are the core value statements clear and meaningful to all program partners?
C. Are the core values visible and can they be demonstrated?
D. Are the core value statements complementary? (Do not conflict with each other)
SITUATION ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
SITUATION ANALYSIS is the process of determining where the program has been and where it is today. It is the first step to identify the gap between the program's current situation and its preferred future.
CHARACTERISTICS: Situation analysis describes the program's past and present performance. Situation analysis identifies factors critical to future success. Situation analysis is a resource for making strategic decisions.
1) Describe the program niche. (What makes the program unique? What makes the program a better value than its competition?)
2) What do students say about the program? (How do you know?)
3) What do partners say about the program? (How do you know?)
4) What do employers say about the program? (How do you know?)
5) Provide evidence the program is meeting marketplace expectations. (Does the program align with an industry credential or certification program?)
6) List program strengths.
7) List program weaknesses.
8) List program opportunities.
A. Opportunities with instructional strategies.
B. Opportunities with technology.
C. Opportunities with school-based enterprises.
D. Opportunities with business and industry partnerships.
E. Opportunities with educational partnerships.
9) List program problems.
10) List enrollment/follow up data.
A. Number of students enrolled.
B. Number of program completers.
C. Number of students leaving the program prior to completing the program.
11) Determine program results.
A. What are the program completers doing?
B. Are they successful?
C. Did the business education program contribute to their success?
D. In what ways did the business education program contribute to their success?
E. What can be done to increase opportunities for student success in the business education program?
F. Why do students leave prior to completing the business education program?
G. What can be done to increase the probability they will stay to complete the business education program?
12) List program partners.
A. Who are the present partners in the business education program?
B. Which necessary partners are not presently involved in the business education program?
C. Why are they not involved?
D. What strategies can be used to cause greater involvement by necessary partners in the business education program?
13) Methods for marketing the business education program.
A. What methods of marketing are presently being used to communicate with customers?
B. Are those methods successful?
C. How can they be improved?
GOALS WORKSHEET
GOALS are broadly-defined strategic positions or conditions which the business education program desires to reach to accomplish its mission.
CHARACTERISTICS: Goals begin the process of charting the course for the business education program to realize its vision in harmony with its mission. Goals close the gap between the business education programs current reality and its preferred future. Goals establish a framework for identifying objectives. Goals are consistent with the business education program's mission.
1) Describe the gap between the business education program current situation and its preferred future.
2) Goals should address the most crucial, highest priority aspects of the business education program. Identify the key result areas (niche) for the business education program.
___ customer satisfaction ___ instruction diversification
___ program innovation ___ acquisition of technology
___ program planning ___ enterprise development
___ partnership development ___ curriculum alignment
___ student recruitment ___ business involvement
___ articulation agreement ___ portfolio development
___ professional development ___ industry endorsements
___ program marketing ___ parental involvement
___ student organizations ___ others
3) Refer to the key result areas identified in Step 2. How can the goals addressing the key result areas (niche) close the gap between the business education program's current reality and its preferred future (vision)?
4) Write goals for the business education program.
5) Test each goal written in Step 4 by answering the questions below.
A. Is the goal consistent with the business education program core values?
B. Will the goal contribute to realizing the preferred future (vision) for the business education program?
C. Is the goal consistent with the mission?
D. Was the goal determined in response to the situation analysis?
E. Does the goal respond to an identified key result area (niche)?
F. Does the goal build upon any of the business education program's strengths?
G. Can the goal help to eliminate any of the business education program's weaknesses?
H. Can the goal be accomplished in spite of any of the business education program's weaknesses?
I. Will the goal help to realize any identified opportunities?
J. Is the goal in response to any identified problems?
K. Is the goal in response to any identified threats?
PLEASE NOTE: If the answer to any of the questions is No, then reconsider that goal and repeat Step 4 and Step 5. If the answers are Yes, then accept the goal.
6) What assumptions must be made to reach the goals?
OBJECTIVES WORKSHEET
OBJECTIVES are measurable statements of achievement that will lead to the accomplishment of a goal by explaining 1) what must be done and 2) when it must be done.
CHARACTERISTICS: Objectives direct the business education program toward the achievement of specific goals. Objectives help to build ownership and accountability into the planning process. Objectives define how the business education program's vision will be realized. Well-written objectives demonstrate exactly how the business education program will reach its preferred future (vision) when communicated effectively.
1) Write objectives for each of the goals for the business education program.
2) Do the objectives meet the characteristics outlined below?
A. Does this objective support a specific goal?
B. Does it explain what must be done?
C. Does it explain when it must be done?
D. Is it measurable?
E. Is the goal quantifiable? (dollars, quantities, quality, time, student success, customer satisfaction)
F. Is the objective practical and achievable?
G. Is the objective clear?
H. Is the objective compatible with other organizational objectives?
STRATEGIES WORKSHEET
STRATEGIES are statements of how the business education program will deploy resources to accomplish the specific objectives.
CHARACTERISTICS: Strategies chart the new course of action, the new direction for the business education program. Strategies focus resources on the greatest opportunity leading to accomplishment of the business education program's objectives. Strategies ensure the business education program's future by leapfrogging competition, moving in new directions, and adapting to changing outside forces.
1) Write strategies for each of the objectives for the business education program.
2) Does the strategies meet the characteristics outlined below?
A. Does the strategy upset the competitive relationship and reestablish it on a more favorable basis?
B. Does the strategy involve the deliberate organized abandonment of certain activities in order to allocate resources to new, more significant opportunities?
C. Does the strategy account for the strengths, weaknesses, risks, and opportunities of the total program environment?
D. Does the strategy maximize opportunities?
E. Is the strategy identifiable to the persons who must carry it out?
PLEASE NOTE: Consider the following thoughts. Starve yesterday's breadwinners, hold position on today's breadwinners, and push tomorrow's breadwinners. Beware of specialities. Watch for opportunities in the form of sleepers and push them when you find them. Be objective and firm, let the chips fall where they may. Run fast with success. Build on strengths. Repairing basic weaknesses can be extremely costly. Strive to maximize opportunity rather than to minimize risk.
ACTION PLANS WORKSHEET
1) Identify what must be done, by when, by whom, and what possible roadblocks are for each strategy.
2) Review the action plans and consider the questions below.
A. Are the steps in the appropriate sequence?
B. Who is responsible for completing specific steps?
C. Are the skills and other qualifications of the persons responsible appropriate for the strategy?
D. Are they committed to the strategy?
E. What resources are available for each action plan?
F. Are the target dates realistic and achievable in view of day-to-day operations and other demands on time?
G. Are there anticipated roadblocks, resistance, or negative side-effects to the action plan? Can they be overcome or their impact minimized?
H. How will results be measured?
I. Who will evaluate results?
J. What training is necessary to implement the action plan?
IMPLEMENTATION AND ACHIEVEMENT WORKSHEET
1) Is the mission appropriate?
2) Can the plan be implemented?
3) Is the plan supported by everyone?
4) Are the goals and objectives in order of priority?
5) Do the action plans implement the strategies and assure the achievement of goals and objectives?
6) Do we have benchmarks for checking progress?
7) Are the relationships, authority, and accountability clear?
8) Are communications and cooperation within the partnerships working well?
9) Prepare an instructional plan.
10) Develop an operating budget.
11) Prepare a list of authorized expenditures and expenses to implement the action plans for the year.
12) What meetings should be held to track the progress of the plan?
13) Build commitment and accountability for the business education program.
A. Communicate with business education program partners about the program.
B. Educate business education program customers about the business education program.
C. Plan to re plan.
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